Supply Chain Essay Example for Free

Flexibly Chain Essay Slow, long haul development in time-arrangement information is known as a. occasional variety b. cycles c. patterns d. exponential variety e. arbitrary variety Which of coming up next is absent in a period arrangement? a. irregularity b. operational varieties c. pattern d. cycles e. arbitrary varieties The basic contrast among cycles and irregularity is the a. term of the rehashing designs b. extent of the variety c. capacity to ascribe the example to a reason d. the entirety of the above In time arrangement, which of the accompanying can't be anticipated? a. huge increments sought after b. mechanical patterns c. easonal variances d. irregular variances e. huge abatements popular What is the inexact figure for May utilizing a four-month moving normal? Which time arrangement model beneath expect that request in the following time frame will be equivalent to the latest time frames request? a. credulous methodology b. moving normal methodology c. weighted moving normal methodology d. exponential smoothing approach e. nothing from what was just mentioned Which of coming up next is anything but a quality of straightforward moving midpoints? . it smoothes irregular varieties in the information b. it has negligible information stockpiling necessities c. it loads each recorded worth similarly d. it smoothes genuine varieties in the information 21. 3 22. A six-month moving normal gauge is better than a three-month moving normal figure if request a. is fairly steady b. has been changing because of late special endeavors c. follows a descending pattern d. follows an upward pattern Increasing the quantity of periods in a moving normal will achieve more noteworthy smoothing, however to the detriment of a. supervisor getting b. exactness c. str ength d. esponsiveness to changes Which of the accompanying explanations looking at the weighted moving normal method and exponential smoothing is valid? Exponential smoothing is all the more effortlessly utilized in blend with the Delphi strategy. b. More accentuation can be set on ongoing qualities utilizing the weighted moving normal. c. Exponential smoothing is extensively increasingly hard to execute on a PC. d. Exponential smoothing commonly requires less record-keeping of past information. Which time arrangement model uses past conjectures and past interest information to produce another estimate? a. gullible b. moving normal c. weighted moving normal d. xponential smoothing Which is anything but an attribute of exponential smoothing? a. smoothes arbitrary varieties in the information b. handily modified weighting plan c. loads each chronicled esteem similarly d. has negligible information stockpiling necessities Which of the accompanying smoothing constants would make an exponential smoothing conjecture identical to an innocent estimate?

Social Responsibility of Business-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits (Friedman, 1970). Basically talk about this Statement in the Light of Contrasting speculations that Emphasize, just as models that Highlight, the Case For Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Presentation The fundamental thought of social obligation in business is to keep up balance between the marketable strategy and social duty. It very well may be said that in the vast majority of the events the operational system of business doesn't consider about the connection between the general public and condition. The point of the present report is to fundamentally talk about the announcement of Friedman in 1970. The announcement was profoundly questionable in the setting that it repudiated the majority of the hypotheses related with that of the corporate social obligation of the business. The significant components of the speculations identified with the corporate social obligation will be the principle conversation purpose of the present examination. Hypotheses of Corporate Social Responsibility The fundamental reason for the corporate social obligation in business is to guarantee no dishonest practice is being actualized in the advertising intend to make overabundance benefit. The serious condition of the present business world is getting harder because of forceful safe systems embroiled by a large portion of the organizations. Huge scope business association regularly execute the ability to realize change in the business condition. The corporate social duty is the arrangement of moral laws that must be trailed by each business association so as to keep up their social notoriety (Carroll 2015). The laws of corporate social duty guarantee that enthusiasm of each gathering of partners are being secured with execution of each business arrangement. One of the significant reason for actualizing the components of corporate social obligation is to guarantee maintainable improvement in business economy. The components of Corporate Social Responsibility guarantee that the benefit that are earned from the business are used for the social turn of events and government assistance exercises. Monetary obligation of the organization is to guarantee benefit that can be apparent from the money related development alongside expanded estimation of the companys value. In the market of present day economy, it is exceptionally basic for each business association to makes adequate measure of benefit so as to support in the extreme ser ious condition. There is likewise the part of legitimate obligation, where business associations need to carefully adhere to the lawful principles and arrangements. These arrangements are actualized as a piece of Business Law, which assists with guaranteeing that there is no unlawful or out of line exchange practice executed in any type of business exchange. Business association can follow the standards of lawful duty by paying legitimate business or exchange assessments to the nearby position. Korschun et al. (2014), have referenced about the significance of moral duty, where it is significant for business association to guarantee that the business exercises don't make any damage the earth. Execution of green business thoughts that incorporate ecofriendly method of assembling items and conveying administration are not many of the significant segments of moral obligation. The magnanimous duty is another significant part of corporate social obligation. For this situation it is the obligation of an association to contribute direct store for social government assistance exercises. This is additionally accepted to be one of the compelling approaches to improve the business notoriety and brand acknowledgment. One of the significant social obligation of each business association is to give legitimate work to the general public. The enormous scope global business associations are not many of the greatest selection representatives that assume a significant job in the social formative work. Peake and Eddleston (2017), has referenced about the significance of the Triple main concern hypothesis, which is another significant segments of the social business duty. As per the segment of this hypothesis, it is the obligation of the corporate pioneers to guarantee that both monetary and social setting of business are being thought of while executing operational methodology. So as to keep up manageability inside the business procedure it is exceptionally basic to think about each term and state of business. It is one of the provoking job of the business chief to appropriately guarantee ideal harmony among financial and social advancement in the business condition. This is accepted to be one of the meeting purpose of Business Ethics. Regarding monetary supportability, it is critical to actualize plan for long haul money related development (Saeidi et al. 2015). From the components of triple main concern, it is the obligation of each huge scope business association to appropriatel y execute the marketable strategy for monetary supportability. This is accepted to be one of the significant measures for accomplishment of new businesses. Enormous scope business organizations like Google, apple and Microsoft has had the option to present better monetary strategy for long haul money related development. The business heads of to anticipate every single imaginable circumstance of things to come showcase condition and execute the arrangement as indicated by long haul manageability. Corporate maintainability as far as financial improvement can help during the time spent brand acknowledgment. It can likewise push the organization to appropriately use all types of assets (Becker-Olsen and Guzmn 2017). Social supportability is likewise one of the significant models for executing the triple main concern hypothesis. There has been expanded in worried about the worldwide situation, where rich individuals are getting more extravagant and poor getting less fortunate (Grosser et al. 2017). This can expand the danger of society being breakdown. The expansion in the irregularity can likewise raise the danger of political savagery, in this way trading off up on all types of social turn of events. Crane et al. (2013),have referenced about the significance of reasonable exchange development that is accepted actualize moral open door for executing feasible business technique. It is additionally essential to take note of that social supportability can not exclusively be kept up with the assistance of money related arranging. It likewise requires understanding the capital market of current business condition. Executing approach, for example, the lowest pay permitted by law for laborers at various level inside an association is one of the prime arrangement of keeping up social development. Social manageability likewise requires full participation from a wide range of residents. This can assist with creating solid connection between the individuals (Gupta et al. 2017). Ecological maintainability is the last part of the triple primary concern hypothesis. This assistance to guarantee that all types of regular assets that are utilized by business association don't look with any type of wastages. Reusing of materials can be one of the successful approaches to keep up the convention of ecological supportability (Shang et al. 2014). This is accepted to be one of the viable method to limit the opportunity of asset wastage. Legitimate eco-accommodating methods likewise can be executed so as to guarantee least measure of ozone depleting substance are being discharged from assembling units of the enterprises. Basic Analysis of the Friedmans Statement From the announcement of Friedman, obviously the creator needs to concentrate just upon the money related development and maintainability of a business association. The essential aim of all business visionaries while starting any new businesses to augment the degree of benefit as far as monetary turn of events. The announcement gave by Friedman additionally centers after expanding the net revenue. This has been one of the major disputable point basically because of the way that the announcement is just worried about one rule of Corporate Social Responsibility that has been referenced in the above segment. This announcement likewise exposed the thought of all types of social government assistance exercises that are typically connected with corporate social obligation. During the time the creator implied this announcement, there was an expansion in worried about the social imbalances that was raising inside the worldwide economy (Di Benedetto 2017). Explanation of the creator additionally featured up on the way that free market which was getting mainstream during the time of 1970s is one of the least demanding approach to keep up Social Responsibility in business. This is mostly because of the way that free market appreciates the chance to make greatest measure of benefit with no type of political or monetary limitations. It is additionally workable for the entrepreneurs to select progressively number of individuals inside the organization and subsequently manage the issue of joblessness. The creator additionally accepted about the way that with expanded measure of business benefit it is workable for representatives to make critical gift in social government assistance exercises. There is additionally one type of conviction that the announcement of Friedman is extraordinary compared to other approach to keep up standards of communism. It will there be forestall the market to decide the specific estimating methodology that will be executed for every item. Cross breed idea of private enterprise and communism can in this way help in improving the notoriety of free market and consequently advancing the economy of the country (Yin 2017). The expansion in the patterns of private serious Enterprise, there is expanding danger of carelessness about the components of corporate social duty. Proclamation made by Friedman will assist with endless supply of the significant issues identified with that of the free market economy. This will assist with guaranteeing that a large portion of the business association can extend with better degree of Corporate techniques. As indicated by the announcement it may not be feasible for a business association to center upon every single significant component of corporate social duty and furthermore the related speculations related with the equivalent. In the event that a business association is exclusively engaged

Auditing Your Social Media Promotions Questions To Ask Yourself

Auditing Your Social Media Promotions â€" Questions To Ask Yourself Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Auditing Your Social Media Promotions? Some Questions To Ask Yourself FirstUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Charles MburuguTopic : Social MediaShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oznG2S CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf your business is involved in social networks, you need an audit to help you enhance your campaigns. Auditing your social presence will enable you to make better business decisions in regards to Social Media. The following are some questions that will be helpful in your audit.BrandingAre my profiles complete?Ensure that all your profiles on social media are complete with relevant information. In your bio, say something about your brand. It’s about your target audience, not only about you.Do I have special profiles for my brand? People don’t want to know you; they want to identify your brand. You can always introduce yourself in some other way, another day. Rem ove your photo and instead put your logo there.Are my profiles properly branded?Don’t give your brand a different image by mixing everything up. Some people mix colors on their Twitter profiles, Facebook fan pages and YouTube Channels. For instance, they use a yellow background on Twitter, green background on YouTube and maybe black on their Facebook fan pages. They completely neglect their brand colors. Such a situation confuses many people and makes it hard to identify your brand. If white and green are your brand colors, use those colors in all your social profiles.Integration AuditAre my social media profiles integrated?Can you share your Facebook feeds on LinkedIn? You could also tell your Twitter followers about what is going on in your Facebook fan page. Integrating profiles helps you build relationships, generate conversations, establish loyalty and get more followers.READHow To Stand Out In A Crowded NicheIs social media integrated in my business blog?If you own a busines s blog, you need to integrate your social media profiles into it. Ask your blog’s audience to add you on LinkedIn, follow you on Twitter, ‘like’ you on Facebook or subscribe on your YouTube channel. There are plugins which can help you do this. This is a method I have used in my diet blog which promotes Diet to Go coupons and Bistro MD discounts.Am I integrating my social profiles with offline marketing?Integrating offline media can help in promoting your social media profiles. You could create a T-shirt for Facebook, one for YouTube and one for Twitter. You could have your handle printed on your Twitter T-shirt, for instance “Free coupons. Follow me @static”. Make the handle bold and big so that people can see it clearly. Wear the T-shirts to places where you can get the attention of your target audience. You could also include your social media URLs in your catalogues, on your business cards or on your flyers.This article is written by Charles Mburugu. Currently, he is w riting for a diet blog that offers DietToGo online coupons and Bistro MD coupon discount for 2011, two popular meal delivery weight loss programs.

The War Of War By Heidi Squier Kraft - 1853 Words

Many war novels are either written for or against the war. Throughout this class we have read many novels that were seen as anti-war but we also have read a novel that was pro war. There were many similarities and differences when it came to the different books. Such as the last book we read by Heidi Squier Kraft, Rule Number Two: Lessons I learned in a Combat Hospital, were quite different from the first 6 books we have read. This book was the only book we read that was for the war. All the others six books for against the war such as All Quiet on the Western Front, A Farewell to Arms, Goodbye, Darkness ,Slaughterhouse 5, The Things They Carried, and Redeployment. In these books readers can see that theses novels shared common perspectives and characteristics. Some book were memoirs and some were stories but all these books had one main purpose which was the war. Wars dating back to World war I to the recent Iraq war. These authors share their experiences and memories the best that they could in through these books. While reading these different war novels, these novels have expressed how the war made an impact not only through the people connected within the war but everyone else around them. First let s talk about the first six books that we read. All these books are seen as anti-war novels and told by men who took part in combat. They all share common perspectives and characteristics about the war, even though all their experiences were different. Such as, in one of

The And Evolution Between Creationism And Creationism

Providing students with an open-ended approach to stimulate learning and encourage exploration is ideal, especially in the science classrooms. So what is the answer to how to present our students with the opportunity to make their own decisions? According to the laws and court decisions as of today, it is highly unlikely that Creationism will be granted equal time in the biology classroom any time soon. The Ohio standards for science include evolution as a core component mandating that biology teachers incorporate natural selection and the history of life on earth as part of the curriculum. One strategy, presented by the National Center for Science Education is teaching the information and the positions that are held by people as a†¦show more content†¦Gap Creationists believe that there is a large gap between the first two verses in Genesis which allows for a second creation. Day-Age Creationism takes Genesis 1 a little less literally than other views and believe that the à ¢â‚¬Å"days† could have been much longer than 24-hours and may have even stood for millions of years. Progressive Creationism is considered to be held by the majority of those believing in Old Earth Creationism. Proponents incorporate parts of modern biological science such as the big bang theory and the fossil record, but use merge the information to include Biblical references as well. The thing that separates them from an evolutionist perspective is that they still hold to the belief of separate kinds evolving. Evolutionary Creationism and Theistic evolution are considered indistinguishable my many scientists. In these positions, God is seen as the Creator of everything by using evolution to accomplish the plan. Agnostic Evolutionism is the view that accepts evolution as it is commonly presented and does not consider the issue of God s existence or involvement to be a central concern as they believe it is impossible to know if God truly exists. The final viewpoint on the con tinuum, Materialist Evolutionism, is broken down even further into three categories: Methodological Naturalists, Philosophical Materialists, and Atheistic Materialists. Only a small percentage of scientists supporting evolution fall into the philosophicalShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 PagesIf the question was posed as to what is the debate between creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. 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In order to appreciate this concept it is important to understand the meanings of both opposing arguments. Creationism is the belief that the universe and living creatures originate from specific acts of divineRead MoreCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools The origin of life has been a point of discussion for as long as history has been documented. Ancient Egyptians believed that the sun god Ra took another form, created land from a watery abyss and created everything, including gods and humans. The Iroquois, a tribe of Native Americans, told a story of god to human lineage that resulted in twins, one being evil and one being good. The good twin creates a picture perfectRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead MoreEvolution Of Creationism And Creationism907 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution and creationism The debate about whether evolution and creationism be taught in schools has existed for years. Some parents are allowing their religious beliefs hinder the education of their children. According to Phy-Olsen, â€Å"American students have lower scores in mathematics and the sciences than comparable students in other industrialized nations.†(9). Many people feel that science goes against religion and they don t want this taught in the schools. If you teach just

Modernization Of The One Generation Will Be The...

Frank Coyne Mrs. DeSanto Research paper 12 February 2015 Improvements to Education Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"The philosophies of the schoolroom in one generation will be the philosophies of government in the†¦show more content†¦They mostly focused on grammar and basic math; this was actually based on concepts of mandatory school for children that were founded in Europe by Martin Luther. In the U.S., there was also the concern of children forced into the workforce too early in the factories. However, the educational system has changed to make it harder to receive an education almost as much as it has changed to make an education more accessible. Recent skyrockets in tuition have made paying for college a challenge. Even families in the middle class with six-digit incomes find it nearly impossible to pay for four years of college (What’s the Price Tag). This problem is compounded when families expect multiple children to attend college. America’s school system, especially at the tertiary level, needs to be improved in order for students to receive the education they deserve for the tuition they pay. Education is not the only thing that is changing; the job market is also undergoing major changes. Jobs in today’s world are requiring a higher level of education. Colleges have yet to adapt their educations to include the necessary criteria that the job market requires. At the same time, college courses are being offered to amuse the student or help GPA s cores to improve, instead of focusing on the

Three Australian Business Leaders-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Critically analyse the leadership approaches of three business leaders in work related environment and provide recommendations to improve their leadership qualities. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the paper is to critically analyse the leadership approaches of three business leaders in work related environment and provide recommendations to improve their leadership qualities. The aim has been fulfilled by study of three interviews and biographies of three eminent CEOs in Australia. They three CEOs studied are Laura McBain, former CEO, Bellamy, David Thodey, former CEO, Telstra and Joseph Joyce, CEO, Qantas. The paper opens with a brief discussion on the leadership qualities of these three leaders, which provides ground to the subsequent sections. The second section studies their leadership accountability to the success of the organisations they lead. The second section studies their conceptualisation of leadership and their concept of success to them. The next section revolves around pointing out an issue in one of the three leaders and recommending ways to rectify this issue. Three interviews of three Australian CEOs from business sector: Jones (2015) points out that the leadership styles of the Australian CEOs, their power, their leadership experience and their ways of dealing with challenges make them subject to various interviews. The CEOs of the business organisations in Australia especially the multinational companies play very significant role in leading their organisations in the global market. While exploring the importance of the leadership functions of the CEOs, House et al. (2013) state that the leadership qualities of the CEOs during tough market situation form the base of the market positions companies enjoy. The three very famous and successful CEOs from Australia are Laura McBain, former CEO, Bellamys Organic, David Thodey, former CEO, Telstra and Joseph Joyce, CEO, Qantas Airlines. Laura McBain: Laura McBain was the former CEO of Bellamy and the present managing director of Primary Opinion Limited, the owner of Maggie Beer Products Private Limited. Her interview in one of the Australian daily reveals that she has a rich experience of working as an accountant and then held a strategic position at Telstra. Her interviews in the leading dailies in Australia reveal that her transformational leadership style led Bellamy Organic to expand into new markets like China. As a corporate leader she had several leadership qualities like power to influence. Her influential power was evident by the fact that the share prices of Bellamy fell on announcement of her resignation as the CEO. Another Ausralian daily pointed out her strong influential power as a leader when she announced to join Primary Opinion, the holding company Maggies Beer. The shareholders of the company expected rise in the share prices by forty eight percent (Clark, 2017). This rise in share price of Primary Opinion showe d her fame and influence as a corporate leader. Laura McBain was awarded with the Telstra Tasmanian Business Woman of the Year 2013. This award proved her success in leading the organisation, Bellamy towards business excellence (bellamysorganic.com.au, 2017). Her decision making power led to Bellamy becoming self reliant about selling its own products. Her leadership put an end to the years of dependent of Bellamy on international supermarket chains like Coles and Woolworths. Interviews and articles show that Lauras leadership at Bellamy had both positive and negative impacts on the financial position of the company. Her strategic decisions like expansion of Bellamy into the booming Asian markets like China gained the support of the shareholders. This was evident by the rising of share price from $1 to $1.30. The share price of Bellamy further rose as high as $ 15.48. Laura McBain played a crucial role in placing Bellamy in a strong international position but her leadership also saw several failures. However, one can point out that the first failure of her to lead the company was due to the impact of external environment over which she had no control. The crackdown of the Chinese government on the imported goods resulted in loss to the company worth billions of dollars and the share prices fell from $ 12.30 to $6.50. The second failure of McBain as the CEO of Bellamy was her extreme dependence on the daigou supply chain in China and over reliance on the countrys market for revenue generation. The third failure of McBain was to adapt the prices of its baby food products by Bellamy very high. The competitors of Bellamy who produced cheaper baby food products were able to generate more profits by selling their products in the Chinese market at cheaper rates during the government crackdown (news.com.au, 2017). David Ingle Thodey: David Ingle Thodey is an Australian businessperson famous as the former CEO of Telstra, the largest telecommunication company in Australia. His biographies show that he has a long experience of leading organisations as a part of their apex management bodies. Thodey has the experience of leading the marketing and sales department at IBM Australia and New Zealand. He also led various departments of IBM in the Asia Pacific region and held the position of managing director for a year. He joined Telstra as the Group Managing Director who also took care of the stakeholder benefits. He, was appointed as the CEO of Telstra in the year 2009 and retired from the position in 2015. After that he held the position of the chairperson at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation or CSIRO. He was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia for his contribution to development of telecommunication industry in Australia, ethical leadership and workplace diversity. An interview of Thodey published in a leading Australian daily, Thodey expressed his concerns about disparity of income in the Australian business sector. This concern of him reveals his aim of leading Telstra and operating it to ensure the benefit of the employees. This also showed that as a business leader he regarding his followers strategically important for the high market performance of the company (Whyte, 2017). A second leading daily in Australia throws light on another aspect of leadership of David Thodey. It states that Thodey is an expert in several aspects of business like technology, innovation and corporate culture (dailytelegraph.com.au, 2017). It can be pointed out that this innovative nature and team leadership qualities helped Thodey to lead Telstra to the top market position in Australia. The first success of Thodey as the leader came with turnaround of Telstra as a market performer and the subsequent rise in the share prices of the company. An article published in a leading daily in Australia report several leadership qualities of Thodey and his contributions to multinational organisations as their leader. David Ingle Thodey made great contributions to the high market position of Telstra and helped the company to face the market challenges. The article also pointed out the impact of his leadership qualities on the shareholders. The share price of Telstra rose to a 14 point high after Thodey assumed office. The second success evidence of Thodeys leadership of Telstra was that he achieved expansion of the market of the company. His able leadership and deep knowledge about consumer demands and expectations led to innovations in products offered by Telstra. This led to increase in the number of customers from 10.2 million mobile network subscribers and 2.3 broadband users to 16.4 million mobile users and 3 million broadband users. The third success of Thodey as the CEO of Telstra was diversification of the product line and business of Telstra. He was instrumental in expansion of Telstra market into Asia, partnership with Telcom Indonesia and acquisition of Pacnet. The new products, which Telstra introduced under the leadership of Thodey, consisted of e-heath. Thodey also strengthened the corporate social responsibility of Telstra and supported several start up businesses. The article revealed that David Thodey followed team leadership style while leading Telstra. Thodey, as the CEO gave the credit for the success of Telstra to the team of employees. This showed that Thodey as a leader was not autocratic and encouraged employee participation in the daily activities of the company. The leadership style of his ensured that the employees felt motivated to perform highly. This able leadership of Thodey is often credited for placing Telstra as the leader in the Australian telecommunication industry (bloomberg.com, 2017). Joseph Joyce: According to his biography available on the official site of Qantas, the leading Australian airline company, its CEO Alan Joseph Joyce or Joseph Joyce is a transformational leader. The biography credits Joyce for bringing about major changes in the companys structure and operations. The source gives credit to the transformational leadership of Joyce which helped Qantas to turnaround since its privatisation in 1995. This ability to lead the Qantas towards organisational change and turnaround into an international airline can b seen as the first leadership traits of Joyce (Giessner 2016). The source states that the Joyce as the CEO and leader of Qantas exhibited his leadership by taking appropriate decisions on expansion of business of the airline company. He brought about the organisational changes and expanded the then business of the company. He expanded business of Qantas into Asia and diversified the business of the company. This ability to take right decisions regarding expansion and diversification plans of Joyce was his second leadership trait (Chung, 2013). The third leadership trait revealed by Joseph Joyce was his power to motivate this staff by promoting employee empowerment and encouraging innovation. Joseph acquired a hundred and a half aircrafts to strengthen the Qantas fleet of aircrafts. He approved robust investment to modernise the crew of Qantas by training the crewmembers. He also approved investments in technological advancement in Qantas to modernise the operations of the company. This showed that Joseph as a business leader and CEO of Qantas put great emphasis on the strategic development of efficiency of the staff by providing them with training to improve their competencies. His as a dynamic leader stressed on bringing about technological advancement in the modes of operations in Qantas. These business strategies of Joyce resulted in highest financial performance of Qantas in 2016. This again proved the leadership qualities of Joyce to take appropriate decisions to ensure high profitability for the company and its share holders (Felfe Schyns, 2014). The third business leadership trait of Joyce as the CEO of Qantas is, his ability to ensure stakeholder benefit and stakeholder engagement in the operations of the company. His expansion of the fleet of aircrafts and flight crew enabled the company to serve more number of passengers. This ensured higher degree of customer satisfaction, which generated huge revenue for Qantas and benefitted the shareholders by giving good returns on their investments (Deng, Kang Low, 2013). The fourth leadership aspect of Joyce as a modern corporate leader was his strong sense of corporate social responsibility. He supported development of the international tourism sector, emphasised on gender equality for all employees including gays, indigenous education in Australia and diversity (qantas.com, 2017). The ways in which each leader is constructed as a leader by the accounts: An analysis of the interviews and biographies of the three leaders namely, Laura McBain, David Thodey and Joseph Joyce show they have been constructed as leaders in different ways. The comparison between their leadership style shows that their dynamic styles of leading their business organisations accounted for increase in business excellence. Laura McBain exhibited transformational leadership style by leading Bellamy Organic towards business expansion. According to Abrash Walton (2016), transformational leadership helps the organisations to tide over market setbacks and challenges. Mcbain led Bellamy towards expansion into the booming markets of Asia. This helped Bellamy to diversify the challenges it faced due to recession and limited market expansion in Australia. Joyce too followed transformational leadership and brought about organisational changes in Qantas. He like Mcbain led Qantas towards expansion in the Asia Pacific region. Thodey followed team leadership style and stresse d on empowerment of employees. He attributed the employees for the successful turnaround and subsequent success of Telstra (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). It can be pointed that Joyce, like Thodey stressed on employee empowerment initiatives like training and modernisation of the operations like acquiring new modern aircrafts. However, the records of McBain do not mention about her human resource strategies. The interview and articles show that her plan of expansion of Bellamys business into Asia particularly China led to high profits. This shows that she was responsible towards the stakeholders like shareholders and ensured high returns on their investments (Chow, 2015). The fall in the prices of shares of Bellamy on announcement of her resignation and the subsequent rise of Primary Opinion showed her power to influence the investment decisions of the investors. A contrast between McBain, Thodey and Joyce shows that among them, the interview of McBian clearly exhibits the impact of markets on the CEOs. Smith (2016) states the crackdown of the Chinese government on the import of foreign goods affected the business expansion of Bellamy. This was partly due to the extreme dependence of Bellamy on China and the Chinee supply chain for its foreign revenue. Weichenrieder and Xu (2015) in support of McBain say that corporate leaders have no control over unfavourable situations like government crackdowns even though they have devastating impacts on their businesses. It can this be inferred from this comparison between the leadership styles of McBain, Thodey and Joseph that the biggest similarity between them is that their leadership accounted for huge profits and business recovery to their companies, Bellamy, Telstra and Qantas respectively (Cheng et al.2017). The description conceptualisation of leadership by the three leaders: An analysis of the three leadership style show that the three leaders conceptualise and exhibit leadership in three different ways. Mcbain and Joseph exhibited transformational leadership theory while Thodey followed team leadership theory. They followed transformational leadership theory and helped their organisations expand into new markets. (Ajayi Morton, 2013). Thodey on the other hand, followed team leadership theory where he stressed on the participation of a team to make business strategies successful. McBain conceptualised her leadership by understanding the potential of Bellamy to enter Chinese market while Thodey achieved a drastic improvement in the operations of Telstra (Danks, 2015). Conceptualisation of success through the leadership of the three leaders: An analysis of the leadership of McBain, Thodey and Joseph show that they helped their companies to tide over market challenges. McBain recognised market opportunities of expansion of Bellamy beyond Australia into China and counteract the limited scope of growth within Australia. This decision of hers led to massive increase in the profits of Bellamy whose boosted share prices of the company. However, her fault to depend excessively on China led to huge loss to Bellamy (Brennan, 2014). David Thodey, like McBain brought about drastic improvement in the operations of Telstra. As a business leader, his decisions to modernise Telstra helped the company to turnaround and increase its customer base greatly. These leads to Telstra improve its market position and ultimately emerge as the market leader in the Australian telecommunication market. Like McBain, the concept of success to Thodey was largely foreign expansion into new markets of Asia (Leeflang et al. 2014). Concept of success for Joyace was largely diversity management, modernisation and strengthening of human resource through training. He strengthened the fleet by acquiring new aircrafts. He emphasised on providing training to employees to enhance their competencies. Thus, for Joseph the conceptualisation of success consisted of acquisition of new resource, empowerment of human resources and innovation and not mostly foreign expansion as in the cases of the other two leaders (Johnson 2017). Organisational issues faced by the three leaders: The three chosen leaders namely McBain, Thodey and Joyce faced three different organisational issues. McBain had to face dissatisfaction from shareholders, which resulted in the fall of prices of Bellamys shares. This shareholders lack of approval was due to the crackdown of Chinese government on import on foreign goods. This resulted in massive loss to Bellamy, which actually made the shareholders remove their backing from McBain (Jones et al. 2016). Thodey faced the organisational issue of weak company performance and fragile organisational structure of Telstra. The performance of the company was below standard and it lacked a huge customer base. The issue of lack of customer base resulted in low revenue generation and market position of the company. The organisational issue faced by Joseph Joyce was that Qantas after its privatisation and reorganisation lacked the required resources. The company at a later stage faced issues like its failure to price its flight tickets low like local airline companies which gave it a tough competition. Recommendations to address the issues: The issue refers to loss Bellamy suffered due to loss of Chinese market, the resultant huge loss and loss of shareholder support. It can be recommended to McBain, as per global leadership theory, Bellamy should have entered the other Asian markets like Japan and India. This would have shielded it from the loss caused due to crackdown of the Chinese government. Current leadership researches show that companies should enter multiple markets so diversify the loss earned from one markets over the others. Thus, it can be recommended that entering several markets like Japan and Malaysia. It is advised that Bellamy must open directly owned subsidiary in these countries in the public company format. This will allow Bellamy to generate capital from the these countries as well and diversify losses suffered due to unfavourable market conditions in one country(like China). Conclusion: The above analysis shows that modern successful corporate leaders have several attributes in them in common. The first attribute is to lead their organisations through market challenges and the power to bring about changes successfully to adapt to the market situations. These leaders not only bring about development in the organisations they lead but also cause development in the entire industry. The second attribute of successful corporate leaders are their ability to take decisions, which bring about profits and ensure stakeholders benefit simultaneously. They are not authoritative and encourage participation of their subordinates in execution of business strategies. The third attribute of a modern world class leader is that they have in-depth knowledge about the market and capitalise on opportunities of business expansion. However, there are external market challenges which these leaders face and have no control over them. The following recommendations can be made to Thodey and Jo yce in the light of the above discussion: Thodey should follow the global expansion theory and expand the business of Telstra or his future organisations into new markets. This will help them to tide over market stagnation in Australia and ensure continuous revenue generation from these markets. Joyce being the present CEO of Qantas should follow market penetration theory shown on Ansoff framework. Qantas should lower the prices of its tickets and services to allow maximum market penetration. This would allow the Australian multinational airline company to give tough competition to the local airline companies by offering tickets at lower prices. References: Abrash Walton, A. (2016).Positive Organizational Leadership and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Phenomenon of Institutional Fossil Fuel Divestment(Doctoral dissertation, Antioch University). Ajayi, O. M., Morton, S. C. (2013). Organisational context for employee ambidexterity and employee engagement: towards performance improvement in small and medium-sized manufacturing and service organisations. Bellamys Organic CEO awarded 2013 Telstra Tasmanian Business Woman of the Year! - Bellamy's Organic. (2017).bellamysorganic.com.au. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.bellamysorganic.com.au/blog/bellamys-organic-ceo-awarded-2013-telstra-tasmanian-business-woman-of-the-year/ Brennan, R. (2014).Business-to-business Marketing(pp. 83-86). Springer New York. Cheng, C., Ryan, R. L., Warren, P. S., Nicolson, C. (2017). Exploring Stakeholders Perceptions of Urban Growth Scenarios for Metropolitan Boston (USA): The Relationship Between Urban Trees and Perceived Density.Cities and the Environment (CATE),10(1), 7. Chow, D. C. (2015). How China's Crackdown on Corruption Has Led to Less Transparency in the Enforcement of China's Anti-Bribery Laws.UCDL Rev.,49, 685. Chung, H. M. (2013). The role of family management and family ownership in diversification: The case of family business groups.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,30(3), 871-891. Clark, N. (2017).Shares slump as Bellamys boss to leave.Themercury.com.au. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/bellamys-ceo-laura-mcbain-exits-as-sales-disappoint/news-story/967ac4fca09fb65ed70082046787c486?nk=bcd3c365dc9f32da2861c9019c143f72-1507280239 Danks, A. (2015). Changewhy should I? I never pretended to be anything than I am: The Films of Errol Flynn and Raoul Walsh (1).Book Reviews. David Thodey says embracing tech is not that hard. (2017).Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/business/former-telstra-ceo-david-thodey-says-embracing-new-technology-is-not-that-hard/news-story/2dd4302f24af7c68280e93c60f8fb149 Deng, X., Kang, J. K., Low, B. S. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder value maximization: Evidence from mergers.Journal of Financial Economics,110(1), 87-109. Felfe, J., Schyns, B. (2014). Romance of leadership and motivation to lead.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(7), 850-865. Giessner, S. (2016).Organisational mergers: a behavioural perspective on identity management (No. EIA-2016-067-ORG). House, R. J., Dorfman, P. W., Javidan, M., Hanges, P. J., de Luque, M. F. S. (2013).Strategic leadership across cultures: GLOBE study of CEO leadership behavior and effectiveness in 24 countries. Sage Publications. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Johnson, C. E. (2017).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Jones, K. B. (2015).Ethical insights of early 21st-century corporate leaders(Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Jones, P., Jones, P., Hillier, D., Hillier, D., Comfort, D., Comfort, D. (2016). Sustainability in the hospitality industry: some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), 36-67. Leeflang, P. S., Verhoef, P. C., Dahlstrm, P., Freundt, T. (2014). Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era.European management journal,32(1), 1-12. Martnez Franzoni, J., Snchez?Ancochea, D. (2014). The Double Challenge of Market and Social Incorporation: Progress and Bottlenecks in Latin America.Development Policy Review,32(3), 275-298. McCauley, D. (2017).Laura McBain made Bellamys a $1 billion company and then it all came crashing down.NewsComAu. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/manufacturing/former-bellamys-chief-executive-laura-mcbains-fall-from-glory/news-story/afc05dd7ea62d04a715ae96581c75c3d Qantas Chief Executive Officer CEO Alan Joyce. (2017).Qantas.com. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/qantas-ceo/global/en Smith, K. (2016).Tigers, Flies, and Longines: The Chinese Corruption Crackdown and its Effect on Conspicuous Consumption(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Mississippi). Stocks. (2017).Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1828664privcapId=91774 Weichenrieder, A. J., Xu, F. (2015). Are tax havens good? Implications of the crackdown on secrecy. Whyte, J. (2017).Ex-Telstra chief David Thodey gets a $14.5m pay cheque.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 October 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/extelstra-chief-david-thodey-gets-a-145m-pay-cheque-20150812-giy1ix.htm

Explorations of Iconography

Those who observe the depictions of Venus and Madonna in Renaissance paintings, immediately notice that there is a common motif to the artistic representations of these two mythological female figures. This motif is being concerned with the celebration of one of the foremost feminine virtues – fertility.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Explorations of Iconography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, even though that, formally speaking, the Greco-Roman antiquity’s aesthetic ideals and the theological postulates of Catholicism do not quite correlate, they nevertheless reflect the innermost workings of the same Faustian (Western) psyche, which has always been known to celebrate sexuality, as the driving force of existence.1 One of the most famous depictions of Venus (Roman goddess of love and passion) is being associated with Titian’s pai nting ‘Venus with a Mirror’. In this painting, we get to observe a beautiful blond woman looking at her reflection in the mirror. However, it can hardly escape anyone’s attention that Titian’s Venus appears to be slightly plump. This is because, in full accordance with Greco-Roman tradition, Renaissance artists never assessed the notion of a female beauty in terms of a ‘thing in itself’. That is, they appraised the aesthetic subtleties of a woman’s bodily appeal, as such that reflected her ability to give birth to healthy children. And, as physicians are being well aware of – the skinnier a particular woman happened to be, the more difficulties she will be experiencing at childbirth. Therefore, there is nothing too surprising about the fact that Renaissance painters never used skinny models – for them, the idea that female beauty could be discussed outside of what account for the woman body’s reproductive functions, simply did not make any sense.2 This, of course, does confirm the validity of an idea that Titian’s Venus may indeed be referred to as a fertile role model, which glorifies the earlier mentioned virtue of womanhood. Therefore, the fact that this painting also features one of the two Cupids trying to place a wreath on Venus’s head (another one is holding the mirror), has a strongly defined symbolical significance. Apparently, Titian wanted viewers to consider the possibility that it is a specifically women’s ability to ensure the spatial continuation of humankind, which represents a true measure of their existential worth.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The earlier suggestion’s validity can also be illustrated in regards to the painting ‘Venus and Cupid’ by Battista Dossi. The first thing that immediately comes in sight, about th is painting, is the fact that there are strongly defined erotic undertones to it.3 For example, contrary to what used to be the 16th century’s conventions of a female modesty (as well as contemporary ones), with her left hand Venus exposes her bare breast. This, of course, was meant to emphasize the fact that Venus’s godliness is being reflective of her physiological constitution of a woman, capable of breastfeeding. There is, however, even more – Venus’s dress is being jammed between her legs in such a manner that, despite that fact that the lower part of her body is being concealed, the audience’s male-members cannot help imagining Venus naked. What also adds rather considerably to the strengthening of this painting’s fertility-related overtones is that Cupid (who throws ‘love arrows’ in men and women’s hearts – hence, causing them to fall in love with each other), appears to be asking for Venus’s ‘b lessing’ to proceed with doing what he does the best. Given the fact that, as it was pointed out earlier, Dossi’s Venus clearly emanates the feminine virtue of fertility, this can have only one meaning – the artist wanted to promote the idea that a true love between the representatives of opposite genders must always result in the sexual copulation. Moreover, Dossi appears to have also wanted to encourage viewers to think that without sex (which presupposes women’s fertility) there can be no civilization. This is exactly the reason why his painting’s background features a distant town (society) and sea-vessels (trade). There can be few doubts as to the fact that, as it is being the case with the earlier discussed paintings of Titian and Dossi, Lorenzo Lotto’s ‘Venus and Cupid’ is also being concerned with the celebration of women’s sexual powers, which women would not have possessed if they were not fertile.4Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Explorations of Iconography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The logic behind this conclusion is quite apparent – the very appearance of Venus naked body in this painting, suggests that she is ripe for sexual consummation and consequently – childbirth. For example, there is an undeniable firmness to Venus’s breasts, which implies that her sensual pleasures from having sex would be particularly intense. The adequate width of her hips also points out to the fact that, while giving birth, she will not be experiencing much of a pain. This is the reason why Lotto depicted his Venus holding a bridal wreath – apparently, he also tended to think of a female virtuousness in essentially reproductive terms.5 The validity of this statement appears especially obvious in the light of Cupid pissing on Venus’s bridal wreath, as there is a symbolic significance to i t – Lotto wanted to emphasize Venus’s female virtuousness a subject to male-fertilization. Therefore, we can well conclude that, just as were the previously mentioned Renaissance artists, Lotto was an ardent advocate of a Greco-Roman idea that the measure of just about any woman’s worth should be explored within the context of her varying ability to live up to the physiological and societal purposes of her existence. Even though that, formally speaking, Antonio da Correggio’s ‘Madonna del Latte’ is supposed to glorify Jesus’ mother Mary, on the account of her ‘virginal purity’, there can be few doubts that the actual themes and motifs, contained in this painting, only formally relate to the Christian fable of the ‘immaculate conception’.6 There are a number of reasons for us to believe that this is indeed being the case. For example, contrary to the iconographic tradition of depicting Saint Mary, Correggioâ₠¬â„¢s Madonna does not appear even slightly sad. Quite on the opposite – she is depicted not just smiling, but smiling in an undeniable sensual manner. One cannot help but to consider a possibility that, while sucking on his mother’s nipple, child-Jesus was causing her to experience the sensation of a sexual arousal.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, of course, does not allow viewers to think about Correggio’s depiction of Madonna, as such that emanates a scholastically defined ‘holiness’, but rather the physiological holiness of Saint Mary being young, beautiful and fertile woman, who enjoys the happiness of a motherhood. Hence, the apparent ‘heresy’ of this particular painting – if Madonna could enjoy the process of breastfeeding Jesus, what is the reason for us to believe that she could not have enjoyed having her vagina penetrated by whoever ‘made’ Jesus? The implications of this ‘heresy’ for the fable of the ‘immaculate conception’ are self-evident. Therefore, despite being formally religious, Correggio’s ‘Madonna del Latte’ can be best defined as a thoroughly humanistic art-piece, which promotes the idea that it is only those people who, due to some religious considerations, on their part, actively strive to suppress th eir absolutely natural desires and inclinations, which can be considered true sinners.7 When we take a closer look at Francesco Parmigianino’s painting ‘Madonna with the Long Neck’, it will also appear that there is very little traditional Christian spirit in this piece of art. One of the reasons I consider this to be the case, because it was specifically Parmigianino’s desire to depict the Madonna particularly graceful, which prompted him to work on this painting, in the first place – hence, Madonna’s swan-like neck.8 There is, however, only one reason for women to aspire to look graceful – it increases the strength of their sexual appeal to men. Therefore, by having presented Madonna as a particularly graceful woman, Parmigianino subtly implied that it is namely on the account of her amazing looks that she needs to be admired, rather than on the account of having brought Jesus to this world. In its turn, this partially explains why P armigianino intentionally depicted baby-Jesus in a rather grotesque manner – apparently, the artist wanted to dramatize the effect of Madonna’s physical beauty. The same line of reasoning can be applied, when the explanation of why Parmigianino had made a point in emphasizing Madonna’s bodily curves, is being concerned – he strived to represent Jesus’ mother, as a woman well capable of providing our Savior with little brothers and sisters. Thus, it will not be much of an exaggeration to suggest that, just as it being the case with the earlier analyzed paintings, Parmigianino’s ‘Madonna with the Long Neck’ promotes the ‘politically-incorrect’ idea that it is namely fertility, which constitutes the womanhood’s foremost virtue. Footnotes 1 Susan Greenwood, Anthropology of Magic (Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2009), 53. 2 Neil Haughton. â€Å"Perceptions of Beauty in Renaissance Art.† Journal of Cosmetic Dermat ology 3.4 (2004): 231. 3 Scott Schaefer. â€Å"Battista Dossi’s ‘Venus and Cupid’.† Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 74.320 (1978): 20. 4 Rona Goffen. â€Å"Lotto’s Lucretia.† Renaissance Quarterly 52.3 (1999): 762. 5 Franà §ois Quiviger. Sensory World of Italian Renaissance Art (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), 41. 6 Giancarla Periti. â€Å"From Allegri to Laetus-Lieto: The Shaping of Correggio’s Artistic Distinctiveness.† The Art Bulletin 86.3 (2004): 465. 7 Andrew Greeley. Catholic Imagination (Ewing: University of California Press, 2001), 55. 8 David Martin. â€Å"What Is a Christian Painting?† Leonardo 10.1 (1977): 27. Bibliography Goffen, Rona. â€Å"Lotto’s Lucretia.† Renaissance Quarterly 52.3 (1999): 742-781. Greeley, Andrew. Catholic Imagination. Ewing: University of California Press, 2001. Greenwood, Susan. Anthropology of Magic. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2009. Haughton, Neil. â€Å"Perceptions of Beauty in Renaissance Art.† Journal of Cosmetic  Dermatology 3.4 (2004): 229-233. Martin, David. â€Å"What Is a Christian Painting?† Leonardo 10.1 (1977): 23-29. Periti, Giancarla. â€Å"From Allegri to Laetus-Lieto: The Shaping of Correggio’s Artistic Distinctiveness.† The Art Bulletin 86.3 (2004): 459-476. Quiviger, Franà §ois. Sensory World of Italian Renaissance Art. London: Reaktion Books, 2010. Schaefer, Scott. â€Å"Battista Dossi’s ‘Venus and Cupid’.† Philadelphia Museum of Art  Bulletin 74.320 (1978): 12-24. This research paper on Explorations of Iconography was written and submitted by user Madeline Robbins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Get Into Politics - Tips and Recommendations

How to Get Into Politics - Tips and Recommendations There are lots of good ways to get into politics, but most are not easy and take time and plenty of effort. Often, its also about who you know and not necessarily what you know. Even after you figure out how to get into politics, you will likely find that it wont immediately pay enough money to be a career but instead a labor of love or civic duty, especially at the local level. Its a different story if youre running for Congress, where the salary is in the six figures.   Few people start their political careers at the federal level though- President Donald Trump is the rare exception- so lets begin with the assumption that youre considering a run for the town council, perhaps weighing whether to launch a campaign for elected office in your community. What do you need to know first? Here are some helpful tips for how to get into politics. 1. Volunteer for a Political Campaign Every political campaign- whether it be for your local school board on up to legislature or Congress- needs hard workers, the people who serve as the boots on the ground. If you want to get an idea of how politics really works, walk into any campaign headquarters and offer to help out. Youll likely be asked to do what appears to be menial work at first, things like helping to register new voters or making phone calls on behalf of a candidate. You might be handed a clipboard and a list of registered voters and told to go canvass the neighborhood. But if you do the job well, youll be given more responsibilities and a more visible role in the campaign. 2. Join the Party Getting into politics, in a lot of ways, really is about who you know, not what you know. And an easy way to get to know important people is to join or run for a seat on your local party committee, whether its the Republicans or Democrats or some third party. In many states these are elected positions, so youll need to get your name on the local ballot, which is a good learning process in and of itself. Precinct and ward leaders are the rank-and-file of any political party and are among the most important players in the political process. Their responsibilities include turning out the vote for the partys preferred candidates in primaries and general elections and screening potential candidates for local offices. 3. Contribute Money to Political Candidates Its no secret in politics that money buys access. In an ideal world that wouldnt be the case. But donors often have the ear of their favorite candidate. The more money they give the more access they get. And the more access they get the more influence they might have over policy. So what can you do? Contribute to a political candidate of your choice in the community. Even if you contribute just $20, the candidate will notice and make it a point to acknowledge your help in the campaign. Thats a good start. You can also start your own political action committee or super PAC to support candidates of your choice. 4. Pay Attention to Political News Before you get into politics, you ought to know what youre talking about and be able to hold an intelligent and thoughtful conversation about the issues. Read your local newspaper. Then read your statewide newspapers. Then read the national newspapers: The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal,  The Los Angeles Times. Find good local bloggers. Stay current on the issues. If theres a particular problem in your town, think about solutions. 5. Start Local and Work Your Way Up Get involved in your community. Go to municipal meetings. Find out what the job is about. Network with activists. Find out what the issues are. Build coalitions dedicated to changing and improving your town. A good place to start is attending your weekly or monthly school board meetings. Public education and school funding are important issues in every community in the United States. Join the conversation. 6. Run for an Elected Office Start small. Run for a seat on your local school board or town council. As onetime U.S. House Speaker Tip ONeill famously said, All politics is local. Most politicians who go on to serve as governors, congressmen or president started their political careers at the local level. New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, for example, started out as a freeholder, a county-level elected office. The same goes for Cory Booker, a rising star in the Democratic Party. Youll want to pick a team of advisers who will offer advice and stick by you through the process. And youll want to prepare yourself and your family for the intense new scrutiny youll be getting from the media, other candidates and campaign workers who perform opposition research on you.

Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accounting - Research Paper Example paration of Financial Statement and consistent with this, it is essential for firms to reveal separately in the statement of income for the record of the inventories which has been small persistence thing. Additionally, this rule also demands for sufficient data which influences the important measures with that data which can additional support in accepting a situation. The risk of not including the inventory write-down in the financial statement is that the investors may over-anticipate income firmness and thus lead to decisions that may create strong unethical situations. Beside this, such condition can direct towards many ethical and financial problems for example excessive manager’s payments, concealment fraud penalties, losing investors self-assurance in organization with loosing value of brand in addition to goodwill. Accountants who do not consider complete according standards while making financial statement, are not only breaching the according standards but also are breaching the trust and ethics which is considered as inevitable in the â€Å"professional behavior† (Little, 2008, p. vii) of the people. As being element of Practicing Business, it is suggested that CEO and CFO of the business should think such influence of the â€Å"Internal Revenue Service† (Internal Revenue Service Data Book, no date, p. 32). This IRM gives an outline and common knowledge of GAOs annual Financial Statement Audit of the â€Å"Internal Revenue Service† (Internal Revenue Service Data Book, no date, p. 32) (IRS). As the country’s tax collector, the IRS has the liability of collecting taxes, enforcing the nation’s tax laws and processing tax return. The GAO performs annually audits of the financial statements of IRS in keeping the CFO Act of 1990, as extended by the â€Å"Government Management Reform Act of 1994† (Guthrie et al., 2005, p. 357) Appropriate to this Act, the General Accounting Office (GAO) opines on the fiscal statements of the IRS in the report financial

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) Essay

Analytical Paper Assignment (Syria and Ukraine) - Essay Example This paper discloses the current conflicts in Syria and Ukraine. It describes the roles of the main leading countries in these conflicts. The past events in Syria and Ukraine prove that imperialism is no longer relevant. It is no longer easier for powerful countries to increase their power by exercising control over the rest of the world. America, for instance, prefers not to intervene in the military actions of Syria mainly because they want to maintain a neutral stance, and projects a good international policy of not meddling in the affairs of other nations. The American foreign policy is such that it justifies military action if there is substantial evidence that the countries such as Syria and Ukraine pose a threat to world security. The Ukrainian geopolitical realities are quite different, indicating likely risks of cold war. There is also likelihood of power rivalry. The international law viewpoint considers Syria and Ukraine as trying to make an ambiguous case in trying to declare their sovereignty, the west thinks, yet there is a legal act that that has is valid from 60 years ago (Kristof 27). The self-determination remains inapplicable because its exercise would fragment an existing state-Ukraine. The same nation was a member of United Nations. Such world orders are now challenged by such functional considerations as climate change, sustainability, and weapons of mass destruction-and by normative contemplation connected with equity, human rights and survival of species (Cooper p29).

Native Americans in the United States and European Colonists Essay Example for Free

Native Americans in the United States and European Colonists Essay Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in TWO of the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s. Early relationships between American Indians and European colonists differed among the dissimilar cultures. The encounters between the American Indians and the New England Colonists ended in betrayal and bitterness while the relationships between the Indians and the Spanish Southwest was violent and hateful. In New England during November of 1620, the first European colonists arrived to establish Plymouth Colony. During the harsh winter, half of the colonists had perished. When the surviving colonists arrived, a couple of Indians came to help them. The Indians taught the colonists how to grow and fertilize corn crops. Soon, the Europeans became successful farmers and began trading with Indians for fur. As the Europeans became more self-sufficient, they turned their firearms at the Wampanoag Indians and forced them to declare English Sovereignty. For generations, the aggression toward the Wampanoag Indians from Europeans continued. After years of hostility toward the Indians, the governor or Plymouth received information that the Wampanoag chief, Metacom was planning a war against the English. The Indian who provided the information to the English was named Sassamon and was known as a â€Å"faithful Indian† to the English. He was murdered by the Indians for betraying them. Soon after in 1675, the English hung three Wampanoag Indians thus beginning King Philip’s war. This war resulted in stopping the Indian’s resistance to colonial expansion and wiped out approximately forty percent of the Native American population in New England.

The Juxtaposition of the Normal and the Abominable How do the Authors :: English Literature

The Juxtaposition of the Normal and the Abominable How do the Authors illustrate this description of World War One? Pay Particular attention to the Details they Highlight and the Methods and Language they Used to do so? 'The Juxtaposition of the Normal and the Abominable' How do the Authors illustrate this description of World War One? Pay Particular attention to the Details they Highlight and the Methods and Language they Used to do so? 'In the trenches behind the lines, men and women struggled to hold on or recreate fragments of an ordinary life - a letter from home, a pot of jam, a kiss - to remind them of their own humanity'à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Today I saw pictures of Britain's brave soldiers leave for war in Iraq. As a nation we are able to watch a war unfold before us in a way never experienced before. The constant pictures of the death, destruction and disgraceful nature of war help people to see the atrocities of war. In many wars of the past the horrors of war have not been available to the public due to censorship and less communication; I draw a contrast to the British people in World War One who also watched their soldiers leave in glory to fight a war with a dream of seeing the world and the glory of war, armed with little more than the old lie 'Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori'. Whilst with such vivid images of 'our boys' it is hard for us to forget about the men who are fighting, in World War One so many soldiers left with aspirations to see the world and got as far as France - their destiny to die in a muddy field. The Iraqi people today are experiencing a new and dangerous life as their nation is gripped with war. One thing often forgotten about as we watch on BBC News24 is that people are still living in Baghdad and life goes on for Iraqi people. Ben Macintyre in 'A Foreign Field' depicts how the lives of the peoples of France continued as their nation, like Iraq, was ravaged by war: Ben Macintyre cleverly highlights the way that, whilst the war brought such horror to the people of Villeret, life still continued and there was some form of normality. Normally Macintyre uses a quote from a diary or record to bring meaning to help his audience understand how people felt. The book has a journalistic style and, as with journalism, the author tends to stick to facts; for most of the book Macintyre's style is descriptive but largely unromantic.

Church and Dwight Essay

A. Executive Summary 1. Summary statement of the problem: Church & Dwight, more commonly known by its brand name â€Å"Arm & Hammer,† has held a commanding lead in the sodium bicarbonate product market for over 160 years with virtually 99 percent of all consumer products in households within the United States. However, in order to promote growth and diversity while maintaining a steady profitability rate of three – five percent per year, the company has expanded uses of sodium bicarbonate products so that it is no longer the only focus. The acquisition of a diverse group of consumer products in international markets has been viewed as a viable option to sustain the profitability margins well into the 21st century (Wheelen & Hunger). 2. Summary statement of the recommended solution: Since Church and Dwight is a relatively small company, when compared to competitors in household and personal care product markets they must recognize the challenges of growing sales through acquisitions to promote growth and competitiveness within those markets. Church & Dwight must incorporate additional acquisitions of solid brands and products in order to grow market share through an expansion of product lines into a variety of â€Å"personal care, deodorizing and cleaning, and laundry products† as well as â€Å"specialty chemicals, animal nutrition, and specialty cleaners† (Wheelen & Hunger). In addition, to maintain its position in the world market place, Church & Dwight must expand into international markets and gain footholds in product markets through acquisition of manufacturing assets. Simply shipping domestic product lines overseas is cost prohibitive. Foreign manufacturing assets will allow product recogniti on by local consumers in foreign countries and markets. B. The Situation After 160 years, Church & Dwight is a giant in the household domestic product market with brand name recognition more commonly associated with â€Å"Arm & Hammer† products. However, this achievement in the market only nets $2.5 billion in annual sales worldwide. The company’s brand portfolio includes over 80 popular brands and competes for market share with other giants including Colgate-Palmolive, Clorox, and Proctor & Gamble, which have combined sales of over $100 billion. The company has also expanded over the past decade into other household product lines through acquisitions of consumer brands including Mentadent, Pepsodent, Aim, and Close-up, as well as Trojan. Church & Dwight has a core of specialty products primarily based on its successful sodium bicarbonate line of products. It currently holds 75% of the sodium bicarbonate market share. Expansion in the domestic markets has proven successful because of the â€Å"company’s pristine balance sheet†. Growth into the foreign markets has proven more challenging than domestic markets. Foreign market net sales in 2009 were only $393 million compared to domestic net sales of $1.8 billion (Cook). II. ANALYSIS A. Analysis of the Situation 1.Management – The Church & Dwight Company has continued a tradition of slow and steady leadership with a solid focus on long-term goals. The steadiness of the company’s leadership can be primarily attributed to the fact that 25 percent of outstanding common stock is owned by descendants of the company’s original cofounders, a tradition that continues today. In addition, the management of the company over the past 160 years has been handed down from generation-to-generation until recently when Dwight C. Minton passed on the position of Chief Executive Officer in 1995 to an outsider, Mr. Robert A. Davies, III (Wheelen & Hunger). This focused leadership style has enabled Church & Dwight to overcome potential leveraged buy-outs and hostile takeovers with a series of calculated actions and savvy business decisions. These actions allowed the board of directors and management to amend the company’s charter and allowed shareholders four votes per share. The board of directors was also re-structured into classes, in which each class serves staggered three-year terms (Wheelen & Hunger). In addition to staggering the tenure of the directors, the company initiated employee severance agreements with key officials, providing a severance package agreement to provide a â€Å"safety net† should any of the board member positions be terminated by a hostile takeover or leveraged buy-out by an unwanted suitor. By providing these lucrative packages for senior management, many were able to stay with Church & Dwight. This allowed for continuity of leadership styles, vision and mission focus. Because of this steadfast devotion to principles, steady growth over the years has occurred, identifying Church & Dwight as a Cash Cow, using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth-Share Matrix. However, as the company focuses more on international markets and enters other potential avenues of growing product lines, it will surely find itself labeled a s a Star. 2.Operations – Church & Dwight have peacefully existed over the past 60 years with sustained growth and profitability because it virtually held the market in the palm of its hands as other companies searched for ways to enter the household and personal care product lines. As a result of the constant forces in emerging markets, Church & Dwight has come to the realization that they have major challenges to overcome if they are to compete with other giants in the industry and continue to thrive. As the company gains a stronger market share in the international consumer products, the growth and profitability standard will continue well into the future. However, Church & Dwight also recognize they must remain vigilant to quickly and adequately deal with Porter’s Five Forces: Bargaining power of suppliers; Threat of new entrants; Threat of substitute products or services; Bargaining power of buyers (customers); and Rivalry among existing firms (competitors) (Wheelen & Hunger). When considering Bargaining Power of Suppliers, the force rating could be considered Medium as management must be constantly aware of any potential market shocks or trends. If an affiliate retailer is affected by unforeseen supply chain issues, like increased fuel prices, then those costs throughout the company may be affected to remain competitive. In addition, Church & Dwight are well aware of the economic situations that may affect their trade customers who may reduce distribution of products in which sales may decline, or adversely affect the financial performance of the company (Craigie). There was never historically a threat of new entrants into the sodium bicarbonate market prior to 1970. However, since the company has developed new product offerings and other established consumer brands, they now face the same competition threats of mature and domestic and international markets for consumer products. This threat of new entrants has emerged over the past decades and may now be rated high. The threat of substitute products or services is always considered high, as well, because consumers might choose a substitute item, if it is cheaper. This is a problem for any company. Bargaining power of buyers (customers) is generally a medium concern as consumer satisfaction is evaluated in a variety of ways. Otherwise, dissatisfactio n can drive prices up or down based on demand, or the lack of. Quality is a hallmark of Church & Dwight and the perception by consumers of any potential lowering of standards to decrease prices will typically drive loyal customers away. Finally, rivalry among existing firms (competitors) is high as competitors try to achieve greater market shares to grow potential profit shares. â€Å"Church & Dwight has in an enviable position to profit from its dominant niche in the sodium bicarbonate products market since it controlled the primary raw material used in its production† (Wheelen & Hunger). 3.Marketing – The Church & Dwight marketing strategy has been fairly simplistic since its focus has been on the sodium bicarbonate product lines for over a century. However, with additional acquisitions over the past 20 years, and the expansion into other household products, the brand recognition has become even more important. As a result, â€Å"marketing expenses for 2009 were $353.6 million, an increase of $59.5 million or 20% as compared to 2008† (Craigie). In addition, Church & Dwight caters to people of all ages and backgrounds. This wide range of customers allows them to develop more and more organic products and services with large scale agreements to satisfy those demographics. As the company expands globally, markets for one region could also be satisfied by other regions as production opportunities allowed greater cost-effectiveness. Unfortunately, â€Å"attempts to enter international markets have met with limited success, probably for two reasons: (1) lack of name recognition and (2) transportation costs† (Wheelen & Hunger). Finally, the company began a ground-breaking marketing campaign by airing commercials for condoms on prime-time television. This â€Å"shock† strategy increased its marketing strength and enabled the partnership with Quidel Corporation, â€Å"a provider of point-of-care diagnostic test, to meet women’s health and wellness needs† (Wheelen & Hunger). There are potential problems if various brand names fall into â€Å"the precarious line-extension snare† (Wheelen & Hunger). As the company expands and acquires more product lines bearing the â€Å"Arm & Hammer† trademark, the potential for substandard quality or customer satisfaction could cause a back-lash resulting in reduced sales around the world. Therefore, product marketing is essential to reinforce brand name recognition so consumers never forget the value and quality of a company’s name and its product lines. 4.Finance – Initially, the company’s domestic markets have proven successful. However, in keeping pace with competition in expanding product line markets, acquisition of assets has taken place, which could negatively impact the overall financial picture if profitability is not maintained. In 2009, Church & Dwight’s performance worldwide achieved an increase in sales of 4 percent; organic sales increased 5 percent, gross profit margin increased 44 percent while global marketing expenses only increased 20 percent; and the Net Cash Flow grew to a record level of $401 million (Craigie). Perhaps even more significant to investors is the report that earnings per share grew 23% and dividends on investments increased by 35 percent (Craigie). In contrast to the growing profits and expenses, the comp any also jettisoned noncore assets for the first time, including â€Å"five domestic and international consumer product brands acquired during the 2008 Del Laboratories transaction† (Wheelen & Hunger). This posturing of assets will enable a financially sound balance sheet in the future. Therefore, the financial status of Church & Dwight continues to grow as it has achieved modest gains from year to year, with hopes of even greater revenue and sales. Finally, the CEO remains focused on â€Å"building a portfolio of strong brands with sustainable competitive advantages† and the â€Å"long-term objective is to maintain the company’s track record of delivering outstanding TSR (Total Shareholder Return) relative to that of the S&P 500† (Wheelen & Hunger). 5.Administration – Church & Dwight enjoys a sound management strategy. It incorporates affiliates through agreements to sell its products. In addition, the former CEO, Mr. James R. Cragie, stated â€Å"†¦We have added $1 billion in sales in the past five years, a 72% increase, while reducing our total headcount by 5%, resulting in higher revenue per employee than all of our major competitors† (Wheelen & Hunger). While it may appear unsympathetic to the employee perspective, techno logical advancements allow for increased productivity in various aspects of manufacturing and labor allowing for greater productivity without the added expense of additional manpower. Church & Dwight also continue to operate with an ethical employment code in keeping with today’s expectations of utmost respect for both consumer and employee. The following is the company’s published Ethical Standards: â€Å"The reputation and integrity of Church & Dwight Co., Inc. are valuable corporate assets, vital to the Company’s success. Each Company employee, including each of the Company’s officers and general managers and each Company director, is responsible for conducting the Company’s business in a manner that demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards of integrity. Specifically, we encourage among Company personnel a culture of honesty, accountability and mutual respect. Additionally, we provide guidance to help Company personnel recognize and deal with ethical issues. Finally, we have provided mechanisms for Company personnel to report unethical conduct. Dishonest or unethical conduct or conduct that is illegal will constitut e a violation of these Standards and are grounds for disciplinary action† (Church & Dwight). 6.SWOT a.Strengths – The Church & Dwight Company has many strengths, with brand recognition being their greatest. In fact, Arm & Hammer continues to be their greatest asset and strongest product on the market today; the little yellow box is in over 95 percent of all households across the country. The sodium bicarbonate product line has proven itself for over 160 years with uses in baking, cleaning, and deodorizing, and as an added ingredient for things like drain openers and neutralizing agents. While there may be other similar products, Church & Dwight have virtually cornered the market by holding 85 percent of it. b.Weaknesses – A potential weakness within the company is the overextension of branding into many other product lines. â€Å"Until 1970, it produced and sold only two consumer products: Arm & Hammer Baking Soda and a laundry product marketed under the name Super Washing Soda† (Wheelen & Hunger). The company enjoyed success domestically, but â€Å"in the int ernational arena where growth was more product-driven and less marking sensitive, the company was less experienced† (Wheelen & Hunger). Therefore, they relied on acquisitions and management changes to improve its international footprint and reach. With ever-expanding product lines, suppliers, and retailers, the potential for an inferior product or service can cause a negative reputation, impacting the overall brand. Therefore, brand recognition should continue to be the focus when researching future products or investment avenues to ensure the quality of the product/service in the name of the company. Entire corporations have gone away because of a negative connotation to its brand name in the eyes of consumers. c.Opportunities – The possibilities are endless as Church & Dwight continue to pursue additional product lines in household, personal care, specialty, and international products. Future expansion in acquisitions and assets may prove more advantageous as potential consumer products become even more attractive to increase the profitability as the manufacturing base is expanded around the globe. Perhaps i n 20 years, we may have cars manufactured by Church & Dwight, as well. d.Threats – The primary threat to Church & Dwight is competition. Competitors have an even greater market share and larger marketing campaigns to remain leaders in their respective niche. There are always going to be threats to its business operations, products, services, and reputation. Therefore, ongoing evaluation of partnerships, agreements, consumer satisfaction, quality of production, quality of service, etc. is always continuing. Without a continuous evaluation process, companies may find themselves outsmarted, out-marketed, out-produced, and out of a job. Church & Dwight have done a great deal in maintaining a very loyal customer base through evaluations of consumer trends and ensuring affiliates maintain the highest standards to retain the reputation as the leading household product manufacturer 7.Products or Services – Church & Dwight continue to produce some of the most widely known household care products. These products are based on differences in the nature of their uses and organized into three reportable segments: Consumer Domestic, Consumer International and Specialty Products (SPD) (Craigie). The company currently produces 80 different product lines, in which eight major brands make up a total of 80 percent of its business (Craigie). The most famous of the company’s products is Arm & Hammer Baking Soda. As a company focused on quality and innovation, Church & Dwight has â€Å"a discreet marketing team focused solely on new product development† (Church & Dwight). In addition, the company is focused on goals to develop differentiated products with new and distinctive features, increased convenience and value, and engaging outside contractors for research and development activities (Church & Dwight). B. Problem Definition 1.The Church & Dwight case study identified a corporate problem needing to continue expansion in products and services, while presenting a consistent operating profit and increasing market shares of the household product industry. Expenses were continually evaluated and streamlined to reduce inefficiencies; including product research and development to identify â€Å"new uses/markets for an existing product† (Wheelen & Hunger). Unfortunately, constant pressure from global competitors seeking to enter domestic and international markets, as well as an overall poor economy, is creating an atmosphere where continued growth must be developed through new opportunities for expansion into new geographical markets, new products/uses, all while striving to control increasing transportation costs. 2.In order for Church & Dwight to retain its position as the leading household product manufacturer, it must continue to provide outstanding customer service, excellence in product quality, invest in cutting edge technology to remain a viable resource for consumers, as well as developing new uses for its primary product line to ensure customers remain satisfied with the product, as promised. In addition, expanding its share of other household product opportunities and innovations will be key to any future growth. Yet another opportunity for Church & Dwight to grow is in the business-to-business exchange market for suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to use. By providing this service to its affiliates and partners, they would be able to achieve greater operational efficiencies in their supply chains. 3.As Church & Dwight enjoy a considerably large loyal customer base, competing with Proctor & Gamble and other industry giants to get customers to switch competitors is no easy task. However, with any challenge comes greater innovation and new ideas. Relationships with suppliers, manufacturers and other retailers allow for greater efficiencies in costs by consolidating orders, developing greater discounts on shipping costs, or even creating greater financial incentives for affiliates to increase sales and customer satisfaction rates by increasing consumer awareness of the quality and reliability of services and products available to them. III. SYNTHESIS A. Alternative Solutions Brand recognition for ARM & HAMMER brand products has already been established within the domestic markets of the United States. International markets continue to challenge emerging companies due to cultural differences in market populations, cultural differences in marketing strategies, and language barriers requiring new brand names more suitable for local languages/cultures. With low population growth rates and households in international markets, increasing transportation costs, and intense competition and higher commodities costs, manufacturers are turning to new and innovative processes to increase their share of the household product markets. For example, rising gas prices are a concern since it directly contributes to increased production costs. In response, household and personal care product companies are making efforts to stimulate sales in varying ways, such as entering new markets, creating new product segments, strengthening strong brand image, acquiring businesses, targeting market audiences, and increasing advertising budgets. Another alternative could be to develop joint-business ventures with suppliers, manufacturers, distributers, and retailers. The benefit to this option would be to streamline production and sales and allow the ease of marketing products and services to its affiliates and partners. This option would also allow greater operational efficiencies and translate into lower costs for Church & Dwight and lower prices for consumers. B. Recommendations and Conclusions As Church & Dwight look to satisfy competitive pressures while still reeling from the recent economic crisis, the following recommendation and solution is presented in hopes of reducing expenditures and continuing company growth through new product development and market expansion. Expanding into new markets with â€Å"major competitors jockeying for shelf space and retailers seeking to rationalize their breadth of product offerings, more changes may be considered† (Wheelen & Hunger). Therefore, the best recommendation for Church & Dwight at this point in time would be to implement the first alternative, delving into new product lines both in domestic markets and even greater exploration of international markets. This option would be advantageous because of the limited financial investment required to grow already established footholds in foreign countries to manufacture and transport new product lines. In addition, by improving upon past successes and avoiding past mistakes, a sound marketing campaign could attract additional consumer traffic to its existing retailers and product outlets. Arm & Hammer also has premier brand recognition within the United States, which would look to use its large customer base to compete against Proctor & Gamble or Colgate-Palmolive, and Clorox. Finally, to satisfy any shortcomings in this solution, it is further recommended that Church & Dwight initiate an aggressive marketing strategy incorporating foreign experts in business and marketing development to identify focus groups to better understand cultural differences and expectations in product innovations. Understanding why a specific culture or race chooses one brand over another is key to identifying potential aspects of a new product line that would be warmly received in another country rather than simply pushing an American-made product brand on a culture that has no experience with the product or whose name may have a derogatory meaning in their language. This option could also allow Church & Dwight to market potentially less expensive alternatives to Proctor & Gamble or other foreign corporations specializing in household products in another country or region. This recommendation provides a potential solution to increase sales while growing market share and staying ahead of the competition. References Church & Dwight, Co. Inc. (web). Churchdwight.com. Retrieved on April 8, 2012 from http://www.churchdwight.com/index.aspx Craigie, J. R. (February 24, 2010). Church & Dwight co., inc. 2009 annual report: Churchdwight.com. Retrieved on April 8, 2012 from http://www.churchdwight.com/PDF/AnnualReports/2009-CDH-Annual-Report.pdf Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2012). Strategic management and business policy toward global sustainability. (13th ed., pp. 19-20). New York, NY: Pearson Hall.